900000000000509007: United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

concepto de SNOMED CT\componente del modelo de SNOMED CT\concepto de metadato fundacional (metadato fundacional)\conjunto de referencias\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés\conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)

Status: current, estado de definición de concepto necesario pero no suficiente (metadato del núcleo). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)

Descriptions:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es un[a]	conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés	true	relación inferida	restricción existencial (metadato del núcleo)

Members	acceptabilityId
A fluid-filled, raised, often translucent lesion, greater than 1 cm in diameter	preferido
A focal to bilateral tonic-clonic epileptic seizure of more than 5 minutes duration.	preferido
A follicular lesion of the thyroid encompasses a wide range of diseases, and refers to the microscopic finding of follicular cells before a specific diagnosis.	preferido
A force that approximates two structures.	preferido
A form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) with characteristics of extreme skin fragility and laxity, a prominent facial gestalt, excessive bruising and sometimes major complications due to visceral and vascular fragility.	preferido
A form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), with characteristic of spontaneous dissection of medium-sized arteries during young adulthood including mainly the iliac, femoral and renal arteries.	preferido
A form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by generalized joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and easy bruising without atrophic scarring. Other common features include foot and hand deformities (piezogenic papules, pes planus, broad forefeet, brachydactyly, fragile and thin hand skin breaks or bruises easily), severe fatigue and neuromuscular symptoms including muscle weakness and myalgia.	preferido
A form of acromelic dysplasia characterized by the distinctive radiological sign of angel-shaped middle phalanges, a typical metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (mainly affecting first metacarpals and middle phalanges of second, third and fifth digits, which all appear short), epiphyseal changes in the hips and, in some, abnormal dentition and delayed bone age.	preferido
A form of adrenal Cushing syndrome, an endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS), characterized by chronic over-secretion of cortisol due to a benign adrenal tumor that arises from the adrenal cortex. Most adenomas arise in a sporadic setting, with somatic variants in PRKACA gene (around 40% of cases), or other genes such CTNNB1, GNAS, and PRKAR1A, PRKACB. Germline mutations are rare (MEN1).	preferido
A form of amelogenesis imperfecta characterized by incomplete formation of the dental enamel and transmitted as an X-linked or autosomal dominant trait.	preferido
A form of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) characterized by the presence of female external genitalia in a 46,XY individual with normal testis development but undescended testes and unresponsiveness to age-appropriate levels of androgens. The condition is due to mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene which is located on the long arm of the X-chromosome (Xq11-12). The AR is a nuclear transcription factor comprising three functional domains. Mutations are distributed throughout the gene, predominantly in 5 of the 8 exons that code for the ligand binding domain. The CAIS phenotype is associated with an AR mutation that completely disrupts AR function. The condition is X-linked recessive.	preferido
A form of arthrogryposis characterized by contractures of the distal regions of the hands and feet in the absence of a primary neurological and/or muscle disease affecting limb function. Facial involvement is limited to a small mouth and impaired mouth opening. No additional anomalies are reported.	preferido
A form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita characterized by congenital immobility of the limbs with fixation of multiple joints and muscle wasting. This condition is secondary to neurogenic muscular atrophy.	preferido
A form of athetoid cerebral palsy with bilateral involuntary movements.	preferido
A form of autosomal dominant optic atrophy characterized by an early and bilateral optic atrophy leading to insidious visual loss of variable severity, followed by a late anterior and/or posterior cortical cataract. Additional features include sensorineural hearing loss and neurological signs such as tremor, extrapyramidal rigidity and absence of deep tendon reflexes. It is caused by mutations in the OPA3 gene (19q13.32).	preferido
A form of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) due to UMOD mutations that is clinically characterized by bland urinalysis (absence of blood or protein in the urine), chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) between 20 and 80 years, and gout occurring in 50% of affected individuals.	preferido
A form of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that presents a highly variable age of onset and phenotypic spectrum typically characterized by slowly progressive proximal weakness of the pelvic and shoulder girdle musculature (predominantly affecting the lower limbs), frequently associated with waddling gait, scapular winging, calf and tongue hypertrophy, exercise-induced myalgia, abdominal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, respiratory muscle involvement, and myoglobinuria and/or elevated creatine kinase serum levels.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy, characterized by congenital ptosis and early cataract associated to a mildly progressive peripheral neuropathy of variable onset from birth to the 6th decade, pes cavus, reduced to absent ankles tendon reflexes and sometimes neutropenia.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy with onset associated to development of foot deformity and walking difficulties between the 1st and the 8th decades, with a median range in the 2nd one. Weakness and sensory loss involve primarily the legs and ankles tendon reflexes are reduced. This disorder has a slowly progressive course.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, characterized by a late onset with severe sensory loss (paresthesia and hypoesthesia) associated with distal weakness, mainly of the legs, and absent or reduced deep tendon reflexes.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, characterized by a relatively late onset, pupillary abnormalities and deafness, in most patients, associated with distal weakness and muscle atrophy.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, characterized by distal weakness primarily and predominantly occurring in the upper limbs and tendon reflexes absent or reduced in the arms and decreased in the legs. Progression is slow.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, characterized by symmetric weakness primarily occurring in the lower limbs (distal muscles in a majority of cases) and reaching the arms only after 5 to 10 years, occasional and predominantly distal sensory loss and reduced tendon reflexes. It presents with gait anomaly between the 1st and 6th decade and early onset is generally associated to a more severe phenotype which may include foot drop.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, characterized by the association of vocal cord anomalies, impairment of respiratory muscles and sensorineural hearing loss with the distal hands and feet weakness. Onset is between infancy and the 6th decade.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, presenting with a more prominent muscle weakness in lower than upper limbs and frequent postural tremor.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, with onset in the first to 6th decade with a gait anomaly and a leg weakness that reaches the arms secondarily. Tendon reflexes are reduced or absent and, after years, all patients have a pes cavus. Other signs may be present, including hearing loss and postural tremor.	preferido
A form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. In the single family reported to date, CMT2L onset is between 15 and 33 years. Patients present with a symmetric distal weakness of legs and occasionally of the hands, absent or reduced tendon reflexes, distal legs sensory loss and frequently a pes cavus. Progression is slow.	preferido
A form of cerebral palsy where no predominant motion can be determined; when it is a mixed CP form, i.e. spasticity with ataxia and/or dyskinesia, the child should be classified according to the dominant clinical feature	preferido
A form of chronic oral candidosis involving multiple oral sites with angular cheilitis, retrocommissural leukoplakia, median rhomboid glossitis and palatal lesions.	preferido
A form of citrullinemia type I characterized clinically by adult onset of symptoms including variable hyperammonemia and less striking neurological findings which may include intense headache, scotomas, migraine-like episodes, ataxia, slurred speech, lethargy and drowsiness. Serious increased intracranial pressure may occur.	preferido
A form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) characterized by simple virilizing or salt wasting forms that can manifest with abnormal genital development with variable levels of virilization in females and with adrenal insufficiency in both sexes, and that presents with dehydration and hypoglycemia (which can be lethal if left untreated) in the neonatal period, as well as hyperandrogenism.	preferido
A form of congenital diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism due to ABCC8 variants and characterized by hypoglycemic episodes that are usually mild, escaping detection during infancy, and usually have a good clinical response to diazoxide. The autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism usually has a milder phenotype when compared to that resulting from recessive potassium (K-ATP) channel mutations.	preferido
A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by distal arthrogryposis (mild flexion contractures of the fingers, deviation of the distal phalanges, swan-neck deformity), retromicrognathia, general muscle hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, autism spectrum disorder (speech delay, abnormal use of speech, difficulties in initiating, understanding and maintaining social interaction, limited non-verbal communication and repetitive behavior), seizures, microcephaly and mild to moderate intellectual disability that becomes apparent with age.	preferido
A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by facial dysmorphism (microcephaly, high forehead, low posterior hairline, strabismus), hypotonia, failure to thrive, intractable seizures, developmental delay, persistent vomiting and gastric bleeding. Additional features that may be observed include fat pads anomalies, inverted nipples, and body temperature oscillation. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene ALG11 (13q14.3).	preferido
A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by iris coloboma, cataract, infantile spasms, developmental delay and abnormal coagulation factors. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene ALG2 (9q31.1). Transmission is autosomal recessive.	preferido
A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by microcephaly, hepatomegaly, edema of the extremities, intractable seizures, recurrent infections and increased bleeding tendency. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene ALG13 (Xq23).	preferido
A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by severe neurological involvement, including hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, and progressive brain and cerebellar atrophy. Epilepsy with hypsarrythmia is frequently reported. Additional features that may be observed include failure to thrive, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), vision impairment (optic atrophy, iris coloboma) and facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism with a broad nasal bridge, large and thick ears, thin lips, micrognathia). The disease is caused by loss of function mutations of the gene ALG3 (3q27.3).	preferido
A form of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a congenital to childhood onset of progressive proximal muscle weakness, joint contractures, and potential respiratory insufficiency in adulthood.	preferido
A form of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by congenital weakness, hypotonia, proximal joint contractures, marked hyperlaxity of the distal joints, attainment of independent ambulation which is subsequently lost and uniform respiratory insufficiency during the teenage years. Intermediate COL6-RD is caused by heterozygous or biallelic pathogenic variants (PVs) in the genes coding for the alpha chains of the extracellular matrix protein collagen VI (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3).	preferido
A form of constitutional sideroblastic anemia characterized by severe microcytic anemia, B-cell lymphopenia, panhypogammaglobulinemia and variable neurodegeneration. The disease presents in infancy with recurrent febrile illnesses, gastrointestinal disturbances, developmental delay, seizures, ataxia and sensorineural deafness.	preferido
A form of cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) characterized by the presence of multiple hyperpigmented macules, papules or nodules associated with abnormal accumulation of mast cells in the skin. Most patients present in infancy or childhood, but onset may also occur in adulthood. Mutations in the KIT gene (4q11-q12) have been identified however this mutation is rare in the pediatric population and the etiology and pathogenesis in these cases remains to be determined. The disease generally occurs sporadically but rare familial cases have been reported.	preferido
A form of cyanosis that occurs when there is a decrease in oxygen saturation in the arterial blood, usually with an SaO2 of below 75%.	preferido
A form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism due to HNF4A deficiency and, characterized by macrosomia, transient or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), responsiveness to diazoxide and a propensity to develop maturity-onset diabetes of the young subtype 1 (MODY).	preferido
A form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism (DHI) characterized by hypoglycemic episodes that are usually mild, escaping detection during infancy, and usually a good clinical response to diazoxide, (but some are diazoxide resistant). Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency usually has a milder phenotype when compared to that resulting from recessive K+ (K-ATP) channel mutations (recessive forms of diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism).	preferido
A form of diffuse hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase hyperactivity and characterized by an excessive/uncontrolled insulin secretion (inappropriate for the level of glycemia) and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia induced by fasting and glucose rich meals. The clinical spectrum can range from mild and intermediate cases that respond well to dietary modifications and medical management with diazoxide to severe cases that are unresponsive to diazoxide. The potential development of type 2 diabetes with age is another notable feature.	preferido
A form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy with a combination of chorea and athetosis; movements are irregular, but twisting and curving.	preferido
A form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy with involuntary movements accompanied by an abnormal, sustained posture.	preferido
A form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy with irregular movements that are not repetitive or rhythmic, and tend to be more jerky and shaky.	preferido
A form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy with slow, writhing movements that are often repetitive, sinuous, and rhythmic.	preferido
A form of eccentric contraction designed to break adhesions using an operator-induced force to lengthen the muscle and in which, the counterforce is greater than the patient force.	preferido
A form of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by a short stature of prenatal onset, alopecia, ichthyosis, photophobia, ectrodactyly, seizures, scoliosis, multiple contractures, fusions of various bones (particularly elbows, carpals, metacarpals, and spine), intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism (microdolichocephaly, madarosis, large ears and long nose). ACD syndrome overlaps with ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia syndrome.	preferido
A form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) characterized by generalized blistering associated with muscular dystrophy.	preferido
A form of focal dystonia characterized by cervical, laryngeal and hand-forearm dystonia.	preferido
A form of functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor characterized most commonly by a solitary, small pancreatic lesion that causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Insulinoma can present at any age but the median age of diagnosis is in the fifth decade of life. Insulinoma is malignant in only 7-10% of cases and the most common sites of metastasis are the liver and lymph nodes. The etiology is unknown in most sporadic cases but somatic YY1 (14q32.2) variants are associated with insulinoma in some cases. Insulinoma originates in the islet beta cells that are equally distributed throughout the pancreas. When functioning, the tumor manifests with hypersecretion of insulin and consequently causes hypoglycemia. With the exception of insulinoma in MEN1, insulinoma is not hereditary.	preferido
A form of generalized enchondromatosis with involvement of the spine (so called spondyloenchondromatosis). Spondyloenchondromatosis is a very rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe platyspondyly, and mild involvement of hands and feet. It is though to be inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. Dominant pattern of inheritance has been recently suggested.	preferido
A form of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer characterized by concurrent presentation of a primary tumor of the central nervous system (principally glial tumors), relatively few colonic polyps, and adenomas or colorectal carcinoma.	preferido
A form of hereditary spastic ataxia characterized by an onset usually in adulthood (but ranging from 10-72 years) of progressive bilateral lower limb weakness and spasticity and sometimes predominant cerebellar ataxia. In addition to frequent sphincter dysfunction and decreased vibratory sense at the ankles, manifestations may include optical neuropathy, nystagmus, blepharoptosis, ophthalmoplegia, decreased hearing, scoliosis, pes cavus, motor and sensory neuropathy, muscle atrophy, parkinsonism, and dystonia.	preferido
A form of hypotonia-cystinuria type 1 syndrome characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability in addition to classic hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome phenotype (cystinuria type 1, generalized hypotonia, poor feeding, growth retardation, and minor facial dysmorphism).	preferido
A form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa characterized by onset in childhood or young adulthood of blistering that first occurs around nails, accompanied by nail dystrophy and shedding, and then affects the hands and feet and, to a lesser extent, the elbows, and knees. Lesions heal with atrophic scarring. Other manifestations include disappearance of dermatoglyphs and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Extracutaneous involvement is restricted to soft tissue abnormalities of the oral cavity and enamel defects with development of caries.	preferido
A form of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCAT) characterized clinically by corneal opacities, hemolytic anemia and renal failure and biochemically by severely decreased HDL cholesterol and complete deficiency of the LCAT enzyme. Age of onset and severity of clinical manifestations are variable. Caused by mutations in the LCAT gene (16q22.1) encoding the LCAT enzyme which catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters in lipoproteins, leading to progressive lipid deposition in body tissues. There is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation since family members with the same mutation have been found to have different clinical and biochemical pictures. Environmental factors or other minor genes may therefore also be involved in the disorder.	preferido
A form of leukocyte adhesion deficiency characterized by both severe bacterial infections and a severe bleeding disorder. The disease is extremely rare. Caused by mutations in the FERMT3 gene (11q13.1), which encodes kindlin-3 in hematopoietic cells. The FERMT3 mutations lead to an activation defect of all beta-integrins. Transmission is autosomal recessive.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by an infantile onset of hypotonia, axial and proximal lower limb weakness (with severe weakness noted after febrile illnesses), cardiomyopathy and normal or reduced intelligence. Hypertrophy of calves, thighs, and triceps have also been reported in some cases.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by an onset in childhood or adolescence of rapidly progressive proximal limb muscle weakness (particularly affecting the neck, hip girdle, and shoulder abductors), hypertrophy in the calves and quadriceps, ankle contractures, and myopia.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by childhood-onset of progressive proximal muscle weakness (leading to reduced ambulation) with myalgia and fatigue, in addition to infantile hyperkinetic movements, truncal ataxia, and intellectual disability. Additional manifestations include scoliosis, hip dysplasia, and less commonly, ocular features (e.g. myopia, cataract) and seizures.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by proximal muscle weakness presenting in early childhood (with occasional falls and difficulties in climbing stairs) and a progressive course resulting in loss of ambulation in early adulthood. Muscle atrophy and multiple contractures have also been reported in rare cases.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by proximal weakness (manifesting as slowness in running) presenting in infancy, along with calf hypertrophy, mild lordosis, scapular winging and normal intelligence (or mild intellectual disability).	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by slowly progressive, mainly proximal, muscle weakness presenting in early childhood (with difficulties walking and climbing stairs) and mild to severe intellectual disability. Additional manifestations reported include microcephaly, mild increase in thigh or calf muscles, and contractures of the ankles.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by the onset of slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness during childhood (with fatigue and difficulty running and climbing stairs) and developmental delay. Mild intellectual deficit and microcephaly, without any obvious structural brain abnormality, are found in all patients. Mild pseudohypertrophy and joint contractures of the ankles have also been reported.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy most often characterized by an adult onset (but ranging from 11 to 51 years) of mainly proximal lower limb weakness, with difficulties standing on tiptoes being one of the initial signs. Proximal upper limb and distal lower limb weakness is also common, as well as atrophy of the quadriceps (most commonly), biceps brachii, and lower leg muscles. Calf hypertrophy has also been reported in some cases. LGMD2L progresses slowly, with most patients remaining ambulatory until late adulthood.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that usually has a childhood onset (but can range from the first to third decade of life) of severe progressive proximal weakness, eventually involving the distal muscles. Some patients may remain ambulatory but most are wheelchair dependant 20 years after onset.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with characteristics of adolescent or early adulthood-onset of progressive proximal muscle weakness and mild facial muscle weakness, with patients becoming wheelchair bound in their fourth to fifth decade of life. Mild, bilateral winged scapula, incomplete right bundle branch block and a sinus rhythm with very rare ventricular extrasystoles have also been reported. There is evidence this may be caused by homozygous mutation in the DES gene on chromosome 2q35.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, presenting in the first or second decades of life, characterized by slowly progressive proximal and distal muscle weakness and atrophy. Additional manifestations include contractures of the proximal and distal interphalangeal hand joints, rigid spine, restricted pulmonary function, and mild cardiomyopathy.	preferido
A form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, that can present from birth to early childhood, characterized by hypotonia, microcephaly, mild proximal muscle weakness (leading to delayed walking and difficulty climbing stairs), mild intellectual disability and epilepsy. Additional manifestations reported in some patients include cataracts, nystagmus, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory insufficiency.	preferido
A form of localized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa characterized by dystrophic nails in the absence of blistering. The nail deformity is often limited to toenails which can appear thickened and shortened, or may be absent. No other cutaneous or extracutaneous symptoms are observed.	preferido
A form of localized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa characterized by trauma-induced blistering confined primarily to the hands and feet. Healing of blisters is associated with milia formation, atrophic scarring and dystrophic nails. There is no extracutaneous involvement.	preferido
A form of monogenic obesity with characteristics of severe early-onset obesity and marked hyperphagia. Patients with congenital leptin deficiency are severely hyperphagic from early infancy and, although birthweight is normal, they rapidly become obese during early childhood. An increased susceptibility to infections has also been reported in these infants and appears to be associated with reduced numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells, and impaired T cell proliferation and cytokine release. Absence of serum leptin is caused by homozygous frameshift or missense mutations in the ob gene (7q31.3) and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.	preferido
A form of non-spastic cerebral palsy with decreased muscle tone, noticeably floppy muscles with poor or no head control.	preferido
A form of non-syndromic multisutural craniosynostosis characterized by premature fusion of the bicoronal and sagittal sutures.	preferido
A form of non-syndromic multisutural craniosynostosis characterized by premature fusion of the metopic and sagittal sutures, resulting in trigonocephaly and scaphocephaly but with mild frontal bossing.	preferido
A form of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) characterized by a spectrum of hypopigmentation of skin hair and eyes, ranging from little or no pigmentation to localized pigmentation. Nystagmus, photophobia and reduced visual acuity are frequently present. The subtypes include OCA1A, OCA1B, type 1 minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-MP) and type 1 temperature sensitive oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-TS).	preferido
A form of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) characterized by skin and hair hypopigmentation (light blond to dark brown), nystagmus, iris transillumination, visual acuity ranging from 6/9 to 3/60 and hypopigmentation of the peripheral ocular fundus. Photophobia is not a major feature.	preferido
A form of oculocutaneous albinism characterized by light hair at birth that darkens with age, white skin, transparent irides, photophobia, nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia and reduced visual acuity.	preferido
A form of oculocutaneous albinism characterized by varying degrees of skin and hair hypopigmentation, numerous ocular changes and misrouting of the optic nerves at the chiasm.	preferido
A form of oculocutaneous albinism characterized by white skin, golden hair, photophobia, nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia and impaired visual acuity, that affects males and females equally. Patients have been reported only in a consanguineous Pakistani family. The responsible gene has not yet been detected.	preferido
A form of peeling skin syndrome characterized by a generalized distribution. It comprises two sub-types: the non-inflammatory (PSS type A) and the inflammatory (PSS type B) form. PSS type A is characterized by generalized white scaling with superficial non-inflammatory peeling of the skin, while PSS type B is characterized by superficial patchy peeling of the entire skin with underlying erythroderma, pruritus, and atopy.	preferido
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar syndrome, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Behavioral abnormalities are frequently observed. Other reported manifestations include seizures, ocular anomalies, recurrent respiratory infections, and thin or absent corpus callosum, among others.	preferido
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterized by severe, progressive microcephaly and severe global developmental delay apparent from birth, severe intellectual disability with lack of social interactions and absence of speech, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum on brain imaging. In addition, affected individuals often present hypotonia, spastic tetraplegia, and early-onset seizures. Chronic anemia and thrombocytopenia have also been reported.	preferido
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of infantile onset of severe global developmental delay with absent speech, hypotonia, feeding problems, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and development of pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging later in childhood. Other structural abnormalities of the brain, which may already be apparent at an earlier stage, include small hippocampus, thin corpus callosum, periventricular white matter abnormalities, and Dandy-Walker malformation. Seizures, nystagmus, and cortical visual impairment have been reported in some cases.	preferido
A form of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease characterized histologically by varying degrees of phlebosclerosis, primarily involving the small and medium branches of the portal vein with heterogeneous distribution, in the absence of cirrhosis.	preferido
A form of potassium-aggravated myotonia (PAM) which is cold insensitive, dramatically fluctuating and profoundly worsened by potassium ingestion.	preferido
A form of potassium-aggravated myotonia (PAM) which shows dramatic improvement with the use of acetazolamide (ACZ).	preferido
A form of rare hemochromatosis (HC) characterized by excessive tissue iron deposition of genetic origin and presenting with liver disease, hypogonadism, arthritis, diabetes and skin pigmentation.	preferido
A form of rare hemochromatosis (HC) with characteristics of increased transferrin saturation and hepatocellular iron deposition with distribution patterns and clinical features indistinguishable from patients with other types of HC. The disease is due to gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of the ferroportin gene (SLC40A1) on chromosome 2. These mutations cause an hepcidin-independent increase in cellular iron export with increased intestinal iron absorption and iron release from spleen macrophages. Transmission is autosomal dominant.	preferido
A form of sexual abuse where the child is sexually exploited for money, power or status.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting all four limbs with neck and head paralysis, often accompanied by eating and breathing complications.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting all four limbs; the term bilateral hemiplegia may also be used when one side has a significantly different tone compared with the other.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting both sides of the body; the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) does not recommend the use of diplegia/quadriplegia terms, and recommends using instead the term bilateral spastic cerebral palsy and subtypes.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting only one limb	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting the arm and/or leg on one side of the body. An ipsilateral upper and/or lower extremity is affected.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting the lower half of the body, including both legs.	preferido
A form of spastic cerebral palsy affecting three limbs; this could be both arms and a leg, or both legs and an arm. In some instances, it has referred to one upper and one lower extremity and the face.	preferido

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Latin American Spanish language reference set

Chile language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

conjunto de referencias descriptivas de la estructura de otros conjuntos de referencias

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
2911457018	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911675011	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911702016	inglés estadounidense	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	uso de mayúsculas y minúsculas sin relevancia para la totalidad del término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
900000000001115012	United States of America English language reference set	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001116013	US English	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001117016	United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)	en	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)