900000000000509007: United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

concepto de SNOMED CT\componente del modelo de SNOMED CT\concepto de metadato fundacional (metadato fundacional)\conjunto de referencias\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés\conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)

Status: current, estado de definición de concepto necesario pero no suficiente (metadato del núcleo). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)

Descriptions:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es un[a]	conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés	true	relación inferida	restricción existencial (metadato del núcleo)

Members	acceptabilityId
A small, circular, skin graft obtained by pinching up a cone of skin with a needle or pulling up a hair and cutting it free.	preferido
A small, solid lesion, less than 1 cm in diameter, raised above the surface of the surrounding skin and hence palpable	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of a long narrow strip of flexible material.	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of dry aggregates of powder particles that are sufficiently resistant to withstand handling.	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of large granules, usually formed by extrusion.	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of one or more components which together are used to deliver active substance(s) with a prolonged-release mechanism.	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of one or more particulate solids of varying degrees of fineness.	preferido
A solid dose form consisting of porous or absorbent material onto or into which active substance(s) are taken up or taken in, for subsequent release after administration.	preferido
A solid dose form that is rectangular in shape.	preferido
A solid dose form usually rod or conical in shape.	preferido
A solid preparation for homeopathic use, obtained from sucrose, lactose or other suitable excipients.	preferido
A solid single-dose form consisting of a suitable absorbent material. Pledgets are intended for insertion into a body or application to a body surface.	preferido
A solid single-dose form consisting of a suitable material intended for insertion into a body cavity for a limited time prior to removal.	preferido
A solid single-dose form consisting of a suitable material. Sponges are intended for insertion into a body cavity for a limited time prior to removal.	preferido
A solid single-dose form of active substance(s) dispersed or dissolved in a suitable basis that may be soluble or dispersible or may melt at body temperature.	preferido
A solid single-dose form that is a shell made of gelatin or other substances. The contents of the shell may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid.	preferido
A solid single-dose form that is a single layer or multilayer sheet of suitable material(s) intended to disperse rapidly.	preferido
A solid single-dose form that is a wafer enclosing a unit dose.	preferido
A solid single-dose form that is flexible and intended to be applied to a body surface to release the active substance(s) over a period of time.	preferido
A solid single-dose form that is soft or flexible and prepared by moulding of mixtures containing natural or synthetic polymers or gums.	preferido
A solid single-dose form usually prepared by moulding consisting of active substance(s) dispersed or dissolved in a suitable basis that may be soluble or dispersible or may melt at body temperature.	preferido
A solid single-dose form with a gum-like consistency.	preferido
A solid single-dose preparation made by freeze-drying of a liquid or semi-solid preparation.	preferido
A solid single-dose preparation obtained by compressing uniform volumes of particulate solids or by extrusion or moulding. Tablets may be single layer tablets resulting from a single compression of particles and or multilayer tablets consisting of concentric or parallel layers obtained by successive compressions of particles of different composition.	preferido
A solid single-dose preparation of small size and round or oval in shape.	preferido
A solid, sterile single-dose form suitable for implantation that may be provided with an administration device. Implants are intended for release over an extended period of time.	preferido
A solid, sterile single-dose form suitable for insertion into a body cavity that may be provided with an administration device. Inserts are intended for release over an extended period of time.	preferido
A somatic dysfunction in which the innominate bone is rotated posteriorly around a transverse axis relative to the sacrum. The innominate moves more freely in posterior rotation and is restricted in anterior rotation. The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is positioned superiorly and the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) is positioned inferiorly when compared to the contralateral landmarks.	preferido
A sore at urethral meatus	preferido
A sore at urethral meatus (finding)	preferido
A specialist physiotherapist for neurological conditions.	preferido
A specialist physiotherapist in cardiorespiratory conditions.	preferido
A specialist physiotherapist in musculoskeletal conditions.	preferido
A speciality of medicine focused on restoring health and functional abilities after acute illness or injury.	preferido
A specialization for the delivery of pharmacy services in a military setting.	preferido
A specialization for the delivery of pharmacy services in the complex hospital setting.	preferido
A specific, singular event or a short period in which substance use leads to damage to an individual's physical or mental health or results in behavior that causes physical or psychological harm to others. Health damage results from intoxication behaviors, direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and system, or harmful method of substance intake. Harm to others encompasses any physical or mental harm directly attributable to the user's intoxicated behavior.	preferido
A spectrum of congenital malformative disorders characterized by the co-occurrence of distal limb anomalies (usually bilateral cleft feet and/or hands) and renal defects (e.g. unilateral or bilateral agenesis), that can be associated with a variety of other anomalies such as those of genitourinary tract (genital anomalies, ureteral hypoplasias, vesicoureteral reflux), abdominal well defects, intestinal atresias, and lung malformations. Familial cases have been reported in which an autosomal recessive inheritance was suspected.	preferido
A spectrum of diseases with manifestation of overgrowth that results from somatic activating mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway.	preferido
A split thickness skin graft processed through a skin mesher which makes apertures onto the graft, allowing it to expand to many times its size.	preferido
A spondyloarthritis associated predominately with inflammatory bowel diseases and less frequently with other intestinal disorders such Whipple disease, celiac disease and bowel-associated dermatitis-arthritis syndrome.	preferido
A state of being wherein a person has difficulty fully meeting current and/or ongoing financial obligations and/or does not feel secure in their financial future.	preferido
A state of matter where particles conform to the shape of their container and expand to fill the container.	preferido
A state of matter where particles conform to the shape of their container and keep a constant volume independent of pressure (if temperature stable).	preferido
A state of matter where particles form a definite shape and support their own weight but have the ability to flow like a liquid when pressure is applied.	preferido
A state of matter where particles form a stable, definite shape that can only change by force (e.g. break, cut).	preferido
A state where someone is vocally restless, uneasy, or disturbed. This may manifest as raised volume, accelerated speech rate, repetition of phrases, or increased emotional tone.	preferido
A status of being neither employed nor unemployed for example students, the retired, carers and also those who are not in work or seeking work.	preferido
A status of immunization which is suboptimal for a person.	preferido
A stent suture is used primarily in non-valved aqueous drainage devices to restrict fluid outflow, reducing excessive fluid drainage and hypotony.	preferido
A stent using a collagen derived noninflammatory gelatin material.	preferido
A stepdown or lower dependency care unit from cardiac intensive care.	preferido
A sterile implantable device intended to be used as an attachment for a resurfacing humeral head prosthesis joint to treat a disease-damaged (e.g., arthritic) shoulder joint. It consists of a metallic peg [e.g., titanium (Ti), cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr), stainless steel] inserted into the humeral head so that the prosthesis on the humeral articulating surface can be attached.	preferido
A sterile, battery-powered, electromechanical device assembly intended to compensate for impaired hearing by transmitting vibrations, from transduced sound waves, through the skull to the inner ear. It typically consists of a self-contained microphone, amplifier, and vibrator mounted on a titanium (Ti) post which is implanted into the skull, typically the mastoid bone, and protrudes through the skin. Sound waves are converted into electrical signals and sent to the vibrator, which transmits vibrations directly through bone to the inner ears for hearing. It is used to treat hearing impairment due to middle and/or outer ear obstructive pathologies or types of conductive hearing loss.	preferido
A sterile, flexible, single-lumen tube intended to be introduced into the trachea of a neonate for the administration of exogenous surfactant as part of pulmonary surfactant therapy.	preferido
A stressful unexpected event that occurs with little advance warning, such as illness of a family member, accident or job loss.	preferido
A string of characters that may be parsed and executed to perform a query.	preferido
A structurally abnormal heart condition, without symptoms of heart failure, that confers a high risk of progression to symptomatic heart failure.	preferido
A structure damaged by an external force	preferido
A structured approach to modify specific behaviors by identifying targets, setting measurable goals, and implementing strategies. It involves monitoring progress, making adjustments as needed, and ensuring the changes are sustained over time and in various contexts.	preferido
A structured therapeutic program using meditation to develop awareness and acceptance of emotions, thoughts and physical sensations to reduce psychological distress and support and improve wellbeing.	preferido
A subdivision of inferior hypogastric plexus, maybe derived from it, that supplies nerves to the rectum	preferido
A subdivision of the enteric plexus that lies within the tunica muscularis of the intestinal tract	preferido
A subgroup of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), associated with a treatment of an unrelated neoplastic or autoimmune disease with cytotoxic agents, like cyclophosphamid, platins, melphalan and others. The neoplastic cells typically harbor unbalanced aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 7 (monosomy 5/del(5q) and monosomy 7/del(7q)) or a complex karyotype. It usually presents with multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias 5-10 years after exposure, with symptoms related to the degree of bone marrow failure and the corresponding cytopenia (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain).	preferido
A subgroup of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), associated with treatment of an unrelated neoplastic disease with cytotoxic agents, like etoposide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin and others. The neoplastic cells often show rearrangements involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene at 11q23. This subgroup of t-MN is typically associated with overt leukemia, without preceding myelodysplastic syndrome, developing 2-3 years after exposure, presenting with non-specific symptoms related to ineffective hematopoesis (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain) and/or extramedullary site involvement.	preferido
A subgroup of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), associated with treatment of an unrelated neoplastic disease with radiation. The neoplastic cells typically harbor unbalanced aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 7 (monosomy 5/del(5q) and monosomy 7/del(7q)) or a complex karyotype. Patients frequently present with multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias 5-10 years after exposure.	preferido
A substance capable of combining with a specific receptor on a cell and initiating the same reaction or activity typically produced by the binding endogenous substance	preferido
A substance containing enzymes, mainly amylase, lipase, and protease, obtained from the pancreas of the hog or of the ox. It is a cream-colored, amorphous powder, having a faint, characteristic, but not offensive odor. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action. Pancreatin contains, in each mg, not less than 25 USP units of amylase activity, not less than 2 USP units of lipase activity, and not less than 25 USP units of protease activity. Pancreatin of a higher digestive power may be labeled as a whole-number multiple of the 3 minimum activities, or may be diluted with lactose, or with sucrose containing not more than 3.25% of starch, or with pancreatin of lower digestive power.	preferido
A substance containing enzymes, mainly lipase, with amylase and protease, obtained from the pancreas of the hog. It is a cream-colored, amorphous powder having a faint characteristic, but not offensive odor. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action. Pancrelipase contains, in each mg, not less than 24 USP units of lipase activity, not less than 100 USP units of amylase activity, and not less than 100 USP units of protease activity.	preferido
A substance product produced by living cells that circulates in body fluids (as blood) or sap and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells usually remote from its point of origin	preferido
A substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties	preferido
A substance that acts within the body to reduce the physiological activity of another chemical substance.	preferido
A substance that alters biochemical processes in a cell by decreasing or increasing the activity of an enzyme.	preferido
A substance that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus and cause a birth defect in the child or halt the pregnancy outright	preferido
A substance that causes irritation specifically tending to produce inflammation	preferido
A substance that competes with, replaces or inhibits a specific metabolite of a cell and thereby interferes with the cell's normal metabolic functioning.	preferido
A substance that destroys or impairs the function of living cells	preferido
A substance that forms a complex with metal ions or other substrates	preferido
A substance that increases the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals either by directly affecting DNA or inducing neoplasms by other mechanisms	preferido
A substance that is produced by a living organism and is toxic, noxious, or poisonous.	preferido
A substance that modifies the immune response or the functioning of the immune system.	preferido
A subtype of Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 characterized by the childhood onset of distal weakness and areflexia (with earlier and more severe involvement of the lower extremities), reduced sensory modalities (primarily pain and temperature sensation), foot deformities, postural tremor, scoliosis and contractures. Optic atrophy, vocal cord palsy with dysphonia, sensorineural hearing loss, spinal cord abnormalities and hydrocephalus have also been reported.	preferido
A subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by childhood onset of severe, progressive, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy manifesting with distal muscle weakness and atrophy of hands and feet, distal sensory impairment (vibration and pinprick) of lower limbs, lactic acidosis, areflexia and severely reduced motor nerve conduction velocities (25 m/s or less). Patients may also present kyphoscoliosis, nystagmus, hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia and/or brain MRI abnormalities (putaminal and periaqueductal lesions).	preferido
A subtype of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) with characteristics of congenital deafness, minor defects in structures arising from neural crest resulting in pigmentation anomalies of eyes, hair, and skin, in combination with dystopia canthorum. Caused by a heterozygous mutation in the paired box-containing PAX3 gene on chromosome 2q36.1. In the majority of cases, WS1 is transmitted as an autosomal dominant disorder with a large variable inter and intrafamilial expressivity. Some affected patients present with a de novo mutation.	preferido
A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood and, rarely, other tissues. Bone marrow typically shows small, hypolobated megakaryocytes and multilineage dysplasia. Patients typically present with leukocytosis, anemia, variable platelet counts and a variety of nonspecific symptoms related to ineffective hematopoesis (fatigue, bleeding, bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain) and/or extramedullary site involvement (gingivitis, splenomegaly). High resistance to conventional chemotherapy is reported.	preferido
A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities characterized by leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and nonspecific symptoms related to ineffective hematopoiesis (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain), with frequent extramedullary involvement typically presenting as gingival hyperplasia and lymphadenopathy. The disease is characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts harboring mutations of the NPM1 gene in the bone marrow, blood and other tissues. It is associated with multilineage dysplasia, involving the myeloid, monocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cell lineages.	preferido
A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts harboring somatic mutations of the CEBPA gene in the bone marrow, blood and, rarely, other tissues. It can present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and other nonspecific symptoms related to ineffective hematopoesis (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain) and/or extramedullary site involvement (gingivitis, splenomegaly).	preferido
A subtype of autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2, characterized by late adult-onset (50-60 years of age) of slowly progressive, axonal, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy resulting in distal upper limb and proximal and distal lower limb muscle weakness and atrophy, in conjunction with distal, panmodal sensory impairment in upper and lower limbs. Tendon reflexes are reduced and nerve conduction velocities range from reduced to absent. Neuropathic pain has also been associated.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by an adult-onset of slowly progressive, proximal pelvic girdle weakness, with none, or only minimal, shoulder girdle involvement, and absence of cardiac and respiratory symptoms. Mild to moderate elevated creatine kinase serum levels and gait abnormalities are frequently observed.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease characterized by severe, early childhood-onset CMT neuropathy with prominent pes equinovarus deformity and impairment of hand muscles. Nerve conduction velocities usually range between 25-35 m/s and both axonal and demyelinating changes are observed on peripheral nerve pathology.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by a childhood to adolescent onset of progressive pelvic- and shoulder-girdle muscle weakness, particularly affecting the pelvic girdle (adductors and flexors of hip). Usually the knees are the earliest and most affected muscles. In advanced stages, involvement of the shoulder girdle (resulting in scapular winging) and the distal muscle groups are observed. Calf hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, respiratory impairment, tendon contractures, scoliosis, and exercise-induced myoglobinuria may be observed.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by a variable age of onset of progressive, typically symmetrical and selective weakness and atrophy of proximal shoulder- and pelvic-girdle muscles (gluteus maximus, thigh adductors, and muscles of the posterior compartment of the limbs are most commonly affected) without cardiac or facial involvement. Clinical manifestations include exercise intolerance, a waddling gait, scapular winging and calf pseudo-hypertrophy.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by a childhood onset of progressive shoulder and pelvic girdle muscle weakness and atrophy frequently associated with calf hypertrophy, diaphragmatic weakness, and/or variable cardiac abnormalities. Mild to moderate elevated serum creatine kinase levels and positive Gowers sign are reported.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by a variable age of onset of progressive weakness and wasting of the proximal skeletal muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdles, frequently associated with progressive respiratory muscle impairment and cardiomyopathy. Calf hypertrophy, muscle cramps and elevated serum creatine kinase levels are also observed. Neuro-psychomotor development is usually normal.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by an onset in late adolescence or early adulthood of slowly progressive, proximal weakness and atrophy of shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles. Cardiac and respiratory muscles are not involved. Hypertrophy of the calf muscles and highly elevated serum creatine kinase levels are frequently observed.	preferido
A subtype of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by childhood onset of progressive proximal weakness of the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles, resulting in difficulty walking, scapular winging, calf hypertrophy and contractures of the Achilles tendon, which lead to a tiptoe gait pattern. Cardiac and respiratory involvement is rare.	preferido
A subtype of molybdenum cofactor deficiency caused by GPHN gene mutation.	preferido
A subtype of non-spastic cerebral palsy with involuntary, uncontrolled recurring, and occasionally stereotyped movements with a varying muscle tone; primitive reflex patterns predominate.	preferido
A subtype of non-spastic cerebral palsy with loss of muscular coordination with abnormal force and rhythm, and impairment of accuracy; commonly presents with gait and trunk ataxia, poor balance, past pointing, terminal intention tremor, scanning speech, nystagmus and other abnormal eye movements, and hypotonia. Low tone is a prominent feature.	preferido
A sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward deviation of the eyes. Usually, the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. Duration is a few seconds to half a minute with very rapid recovery. An EEG (electroencephalogram) shows generalized spike-wave discharges during the event. A seizure originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks.	preferido
A sudden pain, usually sharp, occurring during movement, or exacerbated by movement, and prompting cessation of movement	preferido

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Reference Sets

Latin American Spanish language reference set

Chile language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

conjunto de referencias descriptivas de la estructura de otros conjuntos de referencias

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
2911457018	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911675011	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911702016	inglés estadounidense	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	uso de mayúsculas y minúsculas sin relevancia para la totalidad del término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
900000000001115012	United States of America English language reference set	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001116013	US English	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001117016	United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)	en	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)