900000000000509007: United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

concepto de SNOMED CT\componente del modelo de SNOMED CT\concepto de metadato fundacional (metadato fundacional)\conjunto de referencias\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje\conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés\conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)

Status: current, estado de definición de concepto necesario pero no suficiente (metadato del núcleo). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)

Descriptions:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es un[a]	conjunto de referencias de lenguaje para el idioma inglés	true	relación inferida	restricción existencial (metadato del núcleo)

Members	acceptabilityId
A sudden pain, usually sharp, occurring during movement, or exacerbated by movement, and prompting cessation of movement	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of a predominant arrest (pause) of activities, freezing and immobilization with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal motor and/or non-motor phenomenon with electrographic correlate that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal motor and/or non-motor phenomenon with electrographic correlate, or a neonatal electrographic-only seizure (without clinical correlate) that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal motor and/or non-motor phenomenon with or without electrographic correlate, or a neonatal electrographic-only seizure (without clinical correlate) that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal motor, non-motor or electrographic-only phenomenon occurring in sequence within a single seizure. No predominant feature can be determined instead the seizure presents with a variety of clinical signs.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal predominantly motor phenomenon with electrographic correlate that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of abnormal predominantly non-motor phenomenon with electrographic correlate that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of brief (less than 100 milliseconds) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal) with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of distinct alteration of autonomic nervous system function involving cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor (sweating), vasomotor, or thermoregulatory functions with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of flexion, extension, or mixed extension-flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles, with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of predominant automatisms, defined as more or less coordinated motor activity with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of regularly repetitive jerking of the same muscle groups which is either symmetric or asymmetric with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A sudden paroxysm of sustained increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes, with electrographic correlate, that occurs during the period from birth until 44 weeks postmenstrual age.	preferido
A supernumerary tooth located near the midline of the dental arch between two central incisors.	preferido
A supernumerary tooth resembling a molar tooth especially in shape.	preferido
A supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor-patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health.	preferido
A surgical cardiac procedure involving repair of the aortic valve by implanting a replacement valve (within a stent) into the previously implanted aortic valve without removing the old, damaged valve or the previously implanted valve.	preferido
A surgical cardiac procedure involving repair of the aortic valve by wedging a replacement valve (within a stent) into the aortic valve without removing the old, damaged valve.	preferido
A surgical procedure to remove breast tissue while preserving the nipple and areola and the majority of the skin envelope.	preferido
A surgical procedure to remove breast tissue, nipple and areola while preserving the majority of the skin envelope.	preferido
A surgical procedure where a catheter is passed through a cut in the chest wall and then through the heart wall (transapical) and positioned across the leaking mitral valve. A bioprosthetic mitral valve is then passed through the tube (transcatheter) and placed within the existing surgically implanted mitral valve ring. The aim is to treat the leaking mitral valve without needing to repeat open-heart surgery.	preferido
A surgical process in which a solid organ, which may be complete or partial, is moved from one individual (the donor, which may be from the patient or from another individual) or from an animal or artificial, and implanted into a recipient individual.	preferido
A surgical technique in which tissues, cells, or synthetic material, commonly from the same person, another individual, or an animal, are transferred to a recipient site. Grafts of skin and tissue fragments that are completely detached from their original source typically lack their own intrinsic blood supply and rely on the recipient site for vascular perfusion and survival. While solid organs are almost exclusively transplanted and skin and tissues are generally grafted, the terms graft and transplant are sometimes used interchangeably depending on the context and medical specialty.	preferido
A sustained increase in bilateral muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes. A seizure originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks.	preferido
A syndrome marked by significant anxiety symptoms directly caused by a physical health condition, not classified as a mental disorder. This determination is based on the patient's history, physical examination or laboratory findings. These symptoms are not due to delirium, another mental disorder, or a psychological reaction to a severe medical diagnosis.	preferido
A syndrome of emergence or increment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as confusion and behavioral disturbances, in the late afternoon, early evening or at night.	preferido
A syndrome with characteristics of facial dysmorphism, a progeroid appearance, large and late closing fontanelle, cutis laxa, joint hyperlaxity, athetoid movements and hyperreflexia, pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual deficit and developmental delay, and corneal clouding and cataract.	preferido
A syndromic disorder with, as a major feature, the association between Dandy-Walker malformation and postaxial polydactyly. The Dandy-Walker malformation has a variable expression and is characterized by a posterior fossa cyst communicating with the fourth ventricle, the partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, and facultative hydrocephalus. Postaxial polydactyly includes tetramelic postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet with possible enlargement of the fifth metacarpal and metatarsal bones, as well as bifid fifth metacarpals.	preferido
A syndromic genetic deafness characterized by erythrokeratoderma, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss. Erythema, recurrent skin infections and mucositis have also been associated.	preferido
A synthetic graft of skin is when the graft consists of synthetic materials, for example, silicone graft.	preferido
A system of medicine which aims at discovering the exact nature of the relationship between the emotions and bodily function, affirming the principle that the mind and body are one.	preferido
A systolic blood pressure ≥150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg while lying down.	preferido
A tablet covered with one or more layers of (mixtures of) substances (e.g. sugars and waxes) making the coating thicker than a film; the release characteristics of the active substance in the dose form remain "Intrinsic" (i.e. conventional release).	preferido
A target or goal is a parameter whose value is to be achieved, typically through some intervention.	preferido
A targeted cancer treatment that delivers radiation to select types of cells using a radioligand. A radioligand has two components, a radioisotope, in this case, lutetium (177-Lu) labeled somatostatin analog and a cell-targeting compound known as a ligand.	preferido
A tear with a flap displaced to the vertical or horizontal direction.	preferido
A technique in which the double layer of peritoneum that invests the intestines and its associated vascular, neural and lymphatic structures is relieved of tension from the attachments to the posterior wall of the abdomen which include the root of the mesentery, hepatic and splenic flexures and ascending and descending colon.	preferido
A technique of brachytherapy that directs the radiation into the tumor and away from healthy tissue, for example, by incorporation of static or dynamic metallic shields inside brachytherapy applicators.	preferido
A technique of external beam radiation therapy where both photon and particle based beams are used to deliver the radiation therapy.	preferido
A technique of neutron radiation therapy with conformal application of neutron beams that result in substantial reduction in normal tissue dose.	preferido
A technique that consists of intermittent compression of the thoracic cage.	preferido
A technique used to void urine from the bladder by exerting manual pressure on the abdomen at the location of the bladder just below the navel.	preferido
A technique where desired behaviors are practiced in preparation for use in a real-life situation.	preferido
A temporary situation during which the apex of the tooth root demonstrates the radiographic appearance of resorption following trauma. The finding generally returns to normal following repair within a period of one year.	preferido
A teratogenic embryofetopathy that results from maternal exposure to methimazole (MMI; or the parent compound carbimazole) in the first trimester of pregnancy. MMI is an antithyroid thionamide drug used for the treatment of Graves' disease. In the infant, MMI may result in choanal atresia, esophageal atresia, omphalocele, omphalomesenteric duct anomalies, congenital heart disease (such as ventricular septal defect), renal system malformations and aplasia cutis. Additional features that may be observed include facial dysmorphism (short upslanting palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge with a small nose and a broad forehead) and athelia/hypothelia.	preferido
A teratologic disorder associated with intrauterine exposure of phenobarbital during the first trimester of pregnancy. Infants are usually asymptomatic but an increased risk of intellectual disability, tetralogy of Fallot, unilateral cleft lip, hypoplasia of the mitral valve and some other mild abnormalities such as hypertelorism, epicanthus, hypoplasia and low insertion of the nose, low insertion of the ears, prognathism, finger hypoplasia, brachydactyly and hypospadias have been reported in rare cases.	preferido
A term defining a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders united by a germline PTEN mutation and the involvement of derivatives of all 3 germ cell layers, manifesting with hamartomas, overgrowth and neoplasia. Disease onset depends on the specific disorder. The most important component seen in this group are malignancies.	preferido
A term used to describe the impact of intrathoracic pressure changes on lymphatic flow.	preferido
A therapeutic behavioral technique of purposely scheduling and undertaking enjoyable activities to assist with elevating mood.	preferido
A therapeutic treatment which involves connecting with nature through activities to support and improve wellbeing.	preferido
A therapy that induces intermittent intra-abdominal vagal blocking with the use of high frequency electrical energy.	preferido
A thick split thickness graft that consists of the epidermis and less than the entire thickness of the dermis. Split thickness graft of skin can be categorized further as thin, intermediate, or thick based on the thickness of the harvested graft.	preferido
A thin split thickness graft that consists of the epidermis and less than the entire thickness of the dermis. Split thickness graft of skin can be categorized further as thin, intermediate, or thick based on the thickness of the harvested graft.	preferido
A time sensitive determination and evaluation of the teeth that identifies no evidence of current disease.	preferido
A tissue texture abnormality characterized principally by a palpable sense of sponginess in the tissue, interpreted as resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content.	preferido
A tongue position where the tongue is pulled back in the mouth altering the shape of the sublingual space.	preferido
A tooth which erupts after birth in the neonatal period.	preferido
A tooth whose root canal system has been filled in three dimensions and where a surplus of material extrudes beyond the foramina.	preferido
A tooth whose root canal system has been inadequately obturated in any dimension, leaving large reservoirs for recontamination.	preferido
A topical route that begins on the skin or cutaneous wounds and/or nails and/or hair.	preferido
A toxin used by animals and injected into their victims by a bite or sting	preferido
A transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain, regardless of whether focal, generalized, or unknown onset, whether aware or impaired awareness, and whether motor or nonmotor.	preferido
A transplantation where the donor and recipient are part of genetically identical organisms.	preferido
A transplantation where the donor and recipient spots are from antigenically distinct individuals of the same species.	preferido
A treatment approach that utilizes a localized form of radiation that treats only the lumpectomy bed plus a 1-2 cm margin.	preferido
A treatment method in which a dysfunctional body region is addressed with a combination of neutral positioning, application of an activating force (compression, torsion, or distraction), and placement into position of ease.	preferido
A treatment method in which steady pressure is applied to soft tissues to reduce reflex activity and promote tissue relaxation.	preferido
A treatment method in which the osteopathic practitioner moves the dysfunctional fascial tissues in response to a sensation of ease and bind in a dynamic continuous process.	preferido
A treatment method intended to normalize neuromuscular function by applying a manual oscillatory force, which may be combined with any other ligamentous or myofascial technique.	preferido
A treatment strategy where the initial movements are indirect; as the technique is completed the movements change to direct forces; A manipulative sequence involving two or more different osteopathic manipulative treatment method (e.g., Spencer technique combined with muscle energy technique).	preferido
A true combined periodontal and endodontic lesion forms when a periodontal lesion and an endodontic lesion develop independently, then these two separate lesions join at the root surface.	preferido
A two dimensional cross section view made up of numerous brightness mode scan lines.	preferido
A type of allergic process that results in an immune response to a foreign antigen.	preferido
A type of arthrogryposis characterized by congenital cleft palate, microcephaly, craniostenosis and arthrogryposis (limitation of extension of elbows, flexed adducted thumbs, camptodactyly and clubfeet). Additional features include facial dysmorphism (myopathic stiff face, antimongoloid slanting, external ophthalmoplegia, telecanthus, low-set large malrotated ears, open mouth, microgenia and high arched palate). Velopharyngeal insufficiency with difficulties in swallowing, increased secretion of the nose and throat, prominent occiput, generalized muscular hypotonia with mild cyanosis and no spontaneous movements, seizures, torticollis, areflexia, intellectual disability, hypertrichosis of the lower extremities, and scleredema are also observed. The disease often leads to early death. Transmission is autosomal recessive. No new cases have been described since 1983.	preferido
A type of autosomal recessive pure hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by infancy onset of crural spastic paraparesis with scissors gait, extensor plantar response, and increased tendon reflexes. Neuroimaging reveals a thin corpus callosum and electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies are normal.	preferido
A type of cancer treatment that targets specific genes and proteins to prevent cancer cells surviving, growing or duplicating e.g. small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies.	preferido
A type of cerebral palsy defined by increased tone and pathological reflexes resulting in an abnormal pattern of movement and posture.	preferido
A type of classical xanthinuria, this disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism with characteristics of isolated deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase, leading to urolithiasis, hematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections. Some patients are asymptomatic, others suffer from kidney failure. Less common manifestations include arthropathy, myopathy and duodenal ulcer.	preferido
A type of epilepsy associated with developmental impairment where the developmental impairment is due to both the underlying etiology, independent of epileptic activity, and the superimposed epileptic encephalopathy. An epileptic encephalopathy is where the epileptic activity itself contributes to severe cognitive and behavioral impairments above and beyond what might be expected from the underlying pathology alone.	preferido
A type of epilepsy characterized by frequent epileptiform activity associated with developmental slowing and often regression on the background of previously normal development. In this type of epilepsy the frequent seizures and/or epileptiform discharges, rather than underlying etiology is thought to be the only cause of developmental impairment.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents between 2 and 14 years of age with the triad of frequent eyelid myoclonia, with or without absences, induced by eye closure and photic stimulation. Eyelid myoclonia is often most prominent on awakening. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures occur in the majority of cases but are usually infrequent. The electroencephalogram shows bursts of 3 to 6 Hz generalized spike-wave or polyspike-and-wave which are often triggered by eye closure and/or photic stimulation, with a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with daily typical absence seizures usually between 4 to 10 years of age in an otherwise normal child. Absence seizures are brief but may occur in clusters and are provoked by hyperventilation. Development and cognition are typically normal. Neurological examination is normal. The electroencephalogram shows 2.5 to 4 Hz generalized spike-wave and a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with generalized tonic-clonic seizures usually between 10 and 25 years of age in an otherwise normal adolescent or adult. The generalized tonic-clonic seizures are typically provoked by sleep deprivation. Other seizure types do not occur. Development and cognition are typically normal. Neurological examination is normal. The electroencephalogram must show generalized epileptiform discharges or capture a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and have a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with myoclonic epileptic seizures between 4 months and 3 years of age, in an otherwise normal infant. The myoclonic epileptic seizures may be activated by sudden noise, startle, or touch, and less commonly by photic stimulation. The electroencephalogram must capture generalized epileptiform discharges or myoclonic epileptic seizures and have a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with myoclonic epileptic seizures, usually between 10 and 24 years of age, in an otherwise normal adolescent or adult. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures occur in greater than 90 percent of individuals and absence seizures occur in a third. Seizures typically occur shortly after waking and when tired. Sleep deprivation is an important provoking factor. Photosensitivity is common. Development and cognition are typically normal. Neurological examination is normal. The electroencephalogram shows 3 to 5.5 Hz generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave and a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with myoclonic-atonic seizures usually between 2 to 6 years of age. Other generalized seizure types which may be seen in this syndrome include atonic, myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, tonic and absence seizures. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus is common. Development prior to seizure onset is normal in two thirds of cases. These children typically show developmental stagnation or even regression during the active seizures (stormy) phase, which improves once seizures are controlled. The electroencephalogram shows generalized 2 to 6 Hz spike-wave or polyspike-and-wave abnormalities, with normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy that presents with typical absence seizures between 9 and 13 years of age in an otherwise normal adolescent. The typical absence seizures usually occur less than daily in the untreated state and are provoked by hyperventilation in 87 percent of cases. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are seen in greater than 90 percent of cases, most commonly beginning shortly after onset of absence seizures. Myoclonic seizures do not occur. Development and cognition are typically normal. Neurological examination is normal. The electroencephalogram shows 3 to 5.5 Hz generalized spike-wave with a normal background.	preferido
A type of epilepsy with both generalized and focal onset epileptic seizures.	preferido
A type of epilepsy with only focal onset epileptic seizures. Seizures can arise from a single location or multiple locations.	preferido
A type of epilepsy with only generalized onset epileptic seizures.	preferido
A type of esophoria where the inward deviation is consistent in all directions of gaze.	preferido
A type of esophoria where the inward deviation varies depending on the direction of gaze.	preferido
A type of exophoria where the outward deviation is consistent in all directions of gaze.	preferido
A type of exophoria where the outward deviation varies depending on the direction of gaze.	preferido
A type of familial frontal lobe epilepsy where individuals present with clusters of motor seizures occurring from sleep, with usual onset in the first two decades of life, typically in adolescence (eleven to fourteen years). Focal motor seizures have hyperkinetic features or asymmetric tonic/dystonic features, usually with autonomic signs, vocalization, and negative emotional expression such as fear. Seizures are brief, with abrupt onset/offset, and there is often preserved awareness during the seizure. Individuals may describe a focal aware sensory or cognitive seizure before the motor features commence. Development and cognition are typically normal. Neurological examination is normal. The electroencephalogram (EEG) background is typically normal. The awake EEG is non epileptiform in most patients. During sleep, interictal epileptiform abnormalities are seen over the frontal areas in approximately 50% of patients. Neuroimaging is usually normal. There is a family history of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy.	preferido
A type of familial infantile gigantism caused by microduplication of Xq26.3. Onset usually occurs in the first year of life in previously normal infants. Patients present with gigantism and may associate acromegalic features (e.g. coarse facial features, frontal bossing, prognathism, increased interdental space) as well as marked enlargement of hands and feet, soft tissue swelling, appetite increase and acanthosis nigricans. May present as a sporadic condition or as familial isolated pituitary adenomas.	preferido
A type of focal epilepsy where all the seizures originate within the amygdalo-hippocampal area of the temporal lobe.	preferido
A type of focal epilepsy where all the seizures originate within the anterior frontopolar area of the frontal lobe.	preferido
A type of focal epilepsy where all the seizures originate within the cingulate area of the frontal lobe.	preferido
A type of focal epilepsy where all the seizures originate within the dorsolateral area of the frontal lobe.	preferido

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Reference Sets

Latin American Spanish language reference set

Chile language reference set (foundation metadata concept)

conjunto de referencias descriptivas de la estructura de otros conjuntos de referencias

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
2911457018	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911675011	conjunto de referencias de idioma inglés de acuerdo con la ortografía de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (metadato fundacional)	es	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
2911702016	inglés estadounidense	es	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	uso de mayúsculas y minúsculas sin relevancia para la totalidad del término (metadato del núcleo)	Latin American Spanish extension module
900000000001115012	United States of America English language reference set	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001116013	US English	en	sinónimo (metadato del núcleo)	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)
900000000001117016	United States of America English language reference set (foundation metadata concept)	en	descripción completa	Active	letras mayúsculas y minúsculas relevantes en todo el término (metadato del núcleo)	módulo identificador para componentes del modelo de SNOMED CT (metadato del núcleo)